Method of and apparatus for applying a serving to a core



May 12, 1925.

A. F. BANDLJR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR 'APPLYING A SERVING TO A CORE Filed Fgb. 24,

Patented May 12, 1925 UNITED STATES PATENT o ADOLPH FRANCIS BANDUIlt, OF BERWYN, ILLINOIS. ASSIGNOR TO.

COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A QORPOlB-ATIO wnsrfiim m x or New YOBK.'

ma'rnonor Ann arrsmrus son APPLYING-A sanvnmpo a l 7 '0 all whom it ma. concern:

BANDUR, a citizen of the United States, re

sidin at .Berwyn, in the county ofi'Cook and tate of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of and Apparatus for Ap lying a Servin to a Core, of which the 0 lq'wing'is a full:

. clear, concise, and exact description.

Thisinvention relates to a. method of and an apparatus for applying a serving to a core, and more par icularly to applying a metallic serving to'a metallic core.

The primary object of the invention is to apply a serving to a core in such a manner that there is a definite degree of looseness between the core and the associated serving.

Another object of the invention is to apply loading material to a signalling conductor in such a manner that the loading material is not subjected to deleterious stresses or strains during the manufacture and use of the loadedconductor.

A-further object of the invention is to so apply loading material to a signalling conductor that the loading material is not subjected to deleterious stressesor strains during a subsequent heat treatment of the loaded conductor.

A still .further object of the invention is to apply loading material to a signalling conductor in such manner as to provide a clearance between the loading material and the conductor for thereccption of a filling material which will minimize the stresses or strains to which the loading material may be subjected during the manufacture, storage, or use of the loaded conductor.

Briefly, the method consists in expanding the core; by heating, or otherwise, to approximately the greatest size which it'will attain thereafter in its manufacture or service, and then applying the servin material to the expanded core. This met od is of especial utility in connection with the manufacture of a loaded-Si ailing conductor wherein the electrical c iaracteristics of the served loading material depend to some extent g Application filed February 24, 1923. Serial KQQGZMS.

upon a heat treatment to wlncn the loaded conductor is subjected. l An apparatus by which the methodunay be practiced comprises a strand 'servin ma- Pricechine for applying the serving mater al to o the core. which machine includes means for heating thecoreprior to its beingsubjected to the operation of the serving head. i

The word core as used in thes ecification and claims is to be unders as defining and including any central body either of simple or complex character'adapted to receive aserving or covering ofanynature'. Also the word strand as used vherein is to be'understood as definingand ihcludin any fiber, filament, s'liveiy'cord, tape, or bon.

The method hereindis'closedis of particular utility plied in the form of a tape consistin of'an alloy the metallurgical and electricacharacteristics of which are fully disclosed in the co-pending applications of Gusta f W. Elmen, Serial No. 477,877, filed May 31, 1921; Oliver E. Buckley, Serial No. 492,725, filed August 16, 1921;.and Gustaf W. E]- men, SerialNo. 557,928, "filed May '2, 1922, to which reference should be made for a full disclosure thereof. It is suflicient for an understanding of the present invention'to state that this tape is made of an alloy which has the characteristic of high permeability at low magnetizing forces, thiscliaracteristic being determined to some extent b a articular form of heat treatment; It has en found that if a loading material of this type is subjected to stresses or strains, the

meability thereof is reduced and these dei"--' Where loading material is" apit is believed that these strains have been occasioned by. the expansion of'the conduc tor duriii the heat treatment, the conductor being me e of copper having a coefiicient of,

expansion algiroximately 35 r cent greater than the coe cient of expansionojf the load,

ing material, which comprises essentially r nickel iron alloy.

When a loading material of this type is applied to a signallin conductor by the? method herein disclose s ace -is rovided between the conductor and e 1021 ing material sufficient to permit the conductor to ex and during the heat treatment without su jecting the loading material to deleterious stresses or strains. One method consistsin niaintaining'the conductor, at the time'of the application of the: loading material 'thereto, at a temperature approxi-. mately thesame as that to which the con; '15

- treaItment of the loading materi dudtor, will subjected durin the -heat As a result when the loaded conductor cools, the loading material will be spaced .from' the conductor a distance representin the amount the conductor will expand during the heat treatment of the loading material,-

sb that when the loaded conductor is subjectedto the heat treatment, the copper conductor will .not expand to -a -size greater than its size at the time-of the application of the loading materialt-i-Thus the expansion.of the copper conductor during the heat treatment will'notsubject. the loading, materialistic any deleterious stresses or strains.v v The .,heating means may be -of .any suitable-type such as a tube of electricahresistance material which is heated by passing current therethrough, the .tube being placed adjacent the taping machine so that the core is. fed therethrough on its way to the taping ,head, heat insulating material being placed betw een the framework of the machine and the core so that the temperature of the; core is not materially diminisl ed between its e ress from the tube and the application of the tape thereto. Where the core is an electrical conductor, in place of the tube above described,it'may be-found desirable to heat the conducton by passing an electric current therethrough of sutlic-ient strength to heat the conductor due to its resistance to the passa e of such current.

In the wings illustrating one embodiment of the invention,

:El 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus by -w ich the mcthodmay be practiced;

Fig. 2 is an enlarge fragmentary perspective view of one end of theheating tube;

Fig; 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a loaded signallin conductor during the application of the oading material thereto, the

core and loading material being in their expanded conditions;

Figs. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional and plan views respectively of a loaded signalling con uctor manufactured in accordance with this process and showing the loaded con-.

ductor after the conductor and loading material have contracted.

. The apparatus illustrated in the drawings is particularly adapted to apply to a signalling conductor loading material in the form of an alloy tape having the metallurgical and electrical characteristics described in the co-pending applications above referred In its preferred form this apparatus includes a tube of electrical resistance material such as nichrome, su ported from the flo'or bysuitably insulate supports 11,

and 12. Att ach edto the ends of the tube 10 by means of clamps13 are terminals of the secondary circuit of a transformer 1'4," the primary of which may be connected in any usual well-known manner to a suitable source of electricalcurrent. Mounted within the tube 10 is a second tube 15 formed of nichrome or other suitable material of high meltin point and spaced and insulated from t 1e tube 10 by spacers 16 formed of asbestos or other suitable-insulating manor, as by a bracket 33 attached to one of the brackets-31. The core passes'from the 'roll 32 throughthe tube 15 where it is heated and thence through an o .ning 34 in the serving machine which ined'with a heat insulating material to prevent dissipation of the heat from the core. -Upon its egress from the opening 34't-he' core passes through the taping head 18 illustrated as bein" of the type disclosed in a co-pcndin app..ica tion of S. Kochcudorfer and l\ R. .Rob-

-1'nson, Serial No. 585,562, filed. August/31,

1922, which applies ta 0. 3 to the core from" a tape carrier 60 whic 1 may be taken from the magazine 146 and attached to the taping bond. The taped core passes-through the.

magazine and around a capstan 22 mounted at the right hand-end of the machine and onto aireceiving reel 28 rcvolubly supported upon a pair of brackets 29. The receiving spool may be driven in an usual manner from a suitable source of power. After being placed on the receiving reel 28 the taped eoremay then be subjected to the heat treatment described in them-pending applications above referred to.

In this heat treatment the loaded conductor is subjected to a maximum temperature of approximately 156:5- Fahrenheit, and in order o expand the core snflicicntly at the time of the application of the tape thereto so that the core will not expand to a greater extent during the heat treatment of the time the heating means has a. temperature sniii cient .to maintain the conductor at a temperat'ure (pf-approximately not less than 1100 Fahrenheit and not greater than1562 Fahrenheit atthe time of the application of the tape toth'e conductor; When the conductor has-been heated to these temperatures dur- 2 ing the application of the loading material thereto, iflwillhe found that upon cooling,

: definitedegreepf loosencss, a space being" the'tape" will-surround the conductor with a I provided betweeri the conductor and tape of approi ijnptely twoflthousandths of an inch asmdmated at '4, Fig. 4.

' "fifwh enaloaded conductor of this nature is -1n' -subm'arme cables, it is desirable to introduce a viscous filling material between the eonductor'and theloading material in order-1 tofi-minimize the stresses or strains which-maybe laced upon the loading m'at'erialdufing -t e .manufacture, storage, -or naphtha-"cable The definite amount of clearance fi'provides a space between the spiraltapeand th'econductor, in which this filling materialinot shown) may be placed.

material 'may be'of any suitable utjrefe'rably' of the type disclosedinfa co pending application of-A-rchie 7,1923, which a plicationalso discloses the method byrvhi the filling material is ap- .jactefistics lof'theatmOSphere in the chamexpanded core.

' .What-isclaimed is:

1. i The-jm'ethbdlof applying a strand serv- 'with'nny i source of suitable g iseons supply.

7 'ing't'o a'core;.-which consists in maintaining 45.;-

the 'coieatadifierent temperature from that .of fthe serving at the time of the applica- ..tionfof;-the serving.

1.2. The method of applying a strand serv- 'ing. to a core,' which consists in expanding thd-co'reand applying the serringto the 3.- Themethod of applying a strand serving to a core with a definite degree of loose- 'ness,which consists in maintaining the core at apdiflereni; temperature from the strand serving at-the time of application or the re av 4. The method .of applying a strand servfrom the strand serving at the time of application of the strand serving.

5. The method of applying a metallic smay be introduced into sists in maintaining-the conductor at a difv ferent temperature from the tape at the time strand serving to a wire with a definite degree of looseness, which consists in maintaining the wire at a different temperature from the metallic strand serving at the time of application of the serving.

6. The'method of applying aloading material to a conductor. .wvhxch consists in maintaining-the core at a different temperature from that of the loading material at the time of the application of theloading material. .1

7. Themethod ofapplying a'loading material tgamndggtor, in exanding the conductor and applying the oadin material to the expanded conductor. 8. T e method of applyin loadin material to a conductor with'a' definite egree of iOOSODCSS,'Wi1iCh consists in; expanding the conductor and then applying the loading material to the-expanded conductor."

9. The method of applying loadin terial to a conductor with a definite degree -of looseness, which consists in maintaining the conductor at a different temperature from the loading mat'erialat the'time of application of the loading material.

' 10. The method of applying loading material in strand form to a conductor with a definite degree of looseness, which con-' sists in maintaining the conductor at a different temperature .from the. loading'material at the time of the application of the' loading material.-.

1 1. The method of applying tape to a wire \i'ith a definite degree of loose-- ness, which consists in maintaining the yi 10 at a different temperature from the tape at the time of'ap lication of the tape;

12. The metiidd of applying-a loading material in tape form to a'conductor with11 a definite degree of looseness,- which 'con-- 10;

of application ofthe tape.

'13. The \method of' applvine' 'a='strand' serving to a core,- which consists in heatinguo the core to a temperaturehigher than that, i of the strand serving and then applying'the v strand serving to the core "while the temperature-of the core is higher than that of the strand serving. X

14. The method of applying a strand serving to a core with a definite degree of looseness, which consists in heating the core to a temperature higher than thatjof the strand serving and then. applging the strand. servin'gto'the core while t e temperature' of the core is higher than that ofithe strand serving.

15; The method of applyin loadin material to a conductor with a efinite egree of Ilooseness, which consists in heating the conductor to a temperature higherthan that of the loading material and then applying the loading material to th'econductor while the temperature of the conductor is higher than that of the loading material. I

16. The method of applying a strand serving to a core whieh'consists in mainmining the core at a temperature of not less than approximately 1100 Fahrenheit while the serving is heingapplietl the lTQ'l'he methml of applying a strand serving to a euro, which consists in main;

' serving to a eorelwit-h a efinite'degre proximately T100" Inhrenheit, while serving lo-a core witlr ag 'letinite' wh osenesst which'eonslstsmheating the eore serrang'isln-ing applied to the core.

tainiu'r; the core at a temperaturebf not more than approximately 156? Fahrenheit while the serving is being applied to the l'ul'e.

lS. "l' he method -of applying a strand serving to a core, which consistsin-mainmining the core at a tem nratnre' between approximately. 1 1001'Fahi'enheit and 1562 Fahrenheit while the. serving being apk pliedlherelo. f 1 I 1!). The method of a} serving. is lmingQapplh-d thereto. f

2]. The method of applying a" strand serving to a core with a delimtey dcgree of.

lmisi-ness; which consists inmaintainingthe 't'ultt at a temper-atom of hot moretlninap proximalelv I562? liahrenheit. while the serving: is living applied .tolhe core. .22. The -method of ap1)'ly|ng.iastrand to. suvh a tempera tare-f -tlni tl-"'the .said core will have a tflnpwmthrd of not; -mor' than the proximately -1561Z Fahrenheit ile plying-- a strand of applying "a strand to a temperature not I less than approximately 1100 Fahrenheit and not more than 1562 Fahrenheit and applying a serving thereto while the core is temperatures. Y

26. The-method of applying loading'material to a conductor, which consists in maintainin the conductor ata temperature of not -.'less than approximately 1 100.

Fahrenheit while the loading material 'is heing'a plied to the'ronductor,

' 2?."lh method of applying loading mat-erial to a 'eondnetor which consists in mainmainta ned at such v taining the-"conductor ata temperature of not more thanapproximately 1562 Fahren heitplied to the-eonduetoiz- I 28. 'Ilhe method of applying loading ma- 'terizjil vto-a taini'ng the jonllnt'toi lit'a temperature between approximately. 1100? Fahrenheit and 1562?;Farhenheit while the-loading material.

s: heinganplied to the conductor.

-'lli 'ietliodi'ofgapplying a metallic netallic 'core pftheserving and v p .differentZtemperatnre coefiieients' or; (papansioinnhieh consists in main- Jainiugtli wore-ate. differenttemperature froln that'of the serving at the time of apf'pliration of the serriog thereto.

illh 'lhe. method of applying a metallic serving to a metallic vole-the Core and the .'-Pl'\lll havmgtthll'erent temperature e0etl'-- eients of mama)"; whieh consists in maintaining at alright-r temperature the element having the"hi;:lie r. ,te'mperati'ire coellicient "of ekpzinsipn daring the applieati'on of this "an v 31; The iijlethod of applying loading 1naterial' -'-h a'\".in a lower tem 'ieratumlroeflieientof expans'ionthan the u-iiuhwtor; whichronsists .in inaintaininglthe. eonilnrtor 'at" a higher temperature than the loading nmterial dnri'ng, thef'applieation of-tln' loading material."

' 2L=."lfhe ,method of applying astrand ring'fto' jiore. whit-h consists in main-- (mining the wore-land servingfat different serving in a eor\.-L. \vith adefi' jt .d jof temperaturesduring the application of the lm'lSt'm'sis, whii-h'eonsists ingmaintainingthe Hire. 'at a lenqmratnre between -approx1- lately 00 Fahrenheit and l562 F ahrenheit while the serving; is being applied Ila-veto, y 1 r jserving to :reorc-with a definite degreesof loos-mess. which consists in heating the core to such a temperature thatthe said 'core rided. lwt ween the serving and .the core when the sem'ing'and the core are at upiprok'imatelythe same temperature-1 '33. The method of applying astrand serv- "thecore and serving at different temperawhile the'loading material is being ap fo'a ro'mlnetor. the loading material.

malt-Iv hro-thmisamlths of'an inch is pro- (inductor which consists in. maintures during the application ofthe serving,

.' whereby a elem-anceof approximately two thousandthsof an ink-h is'provided between theserving and the bore when the core has atemperature approximately equal to tln' temperature of the serving during the servinf! operation.

34. The method of applying a (strand serving to a core, the temperature coefiicient -=f expansion of the core being thirty-five per cent. greater than that of the serving, which consists in maintaining the core at a difierent temperature serving during the application of'the ser'v- 35I The method of applying a serving to a core where the'served core is to be sub- 'ectedtola heat treatment, which consists in approximately terial to a conductor w iercthe loaded con-- 1 i i .material, which 3 ing during in maintaining the core at during the application ofthe serving which as high as" the temperature to which the core is subjected during the said heat treatment.

36. The method eta plying loading niaductor is to .be subjected to a heat treatment, which consists in' maintaining the conductor'at a temperature during the application of the loading1 materialtwhich is approximately as big as the temperature to. which the conductor is subjected during the said'heat treatment. a .37. The method of reducing. the strains on the'loading material of a loaded conductor, which consists in'maintaining .the conductor at a temperature diiferent fromthat of the loadin material at the time of application of t e loadin material.

38. The' method 0 manufacturing a load-- ed submarine/cable comprising a conductor, a serving of loaded material; and a filling consists in serving the 10 Ting material on the conductor and maintaining the conductor at a temperature difierent from that of the serving during the application of .the serving to rovide a clearance between the servin' an the conductor for thefil ling materia s;

39. The method of manufacturing a loaded submarine cable comprising a conductor,- f serving of "loaded material, which consists in serving the loaded material on the conductor and maintaining the conductor at a, temperature different from-that of the serv-' the application of the serving to provide a clearance between the serving and the conductor to reduce the strains on the loadingmaterial.

40. The method of manufacturing a loaded submarine cable oo'mprising a'conductor, a heat treated'loadin -r naterial, which consists in applying the oading material to the conductor while maintaining the conductor at a temperature difierent from that of the loading material to provide a' clearance be tween the loading material and conductor, to reduce the strains on the loadihg material during the heat treatment thereof.

41.1 The method of manufacturing a ioaded submarine cable. comprising a conductor, a heat treated loading material, and

a frlling'jmateriah'which consists in applyfrom that of the a temperature subjected strand serving and while the core remains heated..-

to' the heating means and the serving \head.

while maintaining the conductorat a temperature different from that of the loading material to provide a clearance between the loading material and'eonductor, to replace the strains on the-loading material during the heat treatment thereof and pro vide a s am for the filling material between the loa ing material and the conductor.

42. The method of manufacturing a loaded submarine cable ooipplrlising a conductor, a heat treated 10 material, which consists in ap'pl the .oading material to the conductor-an aintaining the conductor at a temperature during such application' which is-approirixnately as high asthe tem rature to which the conductor is uring the said heat treatment to reduce the strains on the loading material durin the heat treatment thereof."

43. e method of applying av strand serving to acore, w the core in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature dilferent from that of the rp y e Serving 44. The method of applying a strand servingto a core which consists in heating the core in the presence of a non-reducing atmosphere to a temperature different from thatof the serving and then applying the serving to'the core. p

45. The method of applying a strand serving to a core', which consists in heating the core in the presence of anon-oxidizing and non-reducing atmosphere to a temperature difiere'nt from that of the serving and then applying the serving to the core.-

46. In a. mechanism heating means for the core, means for subjecting the core to the heating means, and means for causing relative movement between the core and the supply of serving material to apply the serving material to the core.

47. In an. apparatus for a plying a strand serving to adore, a rotatab e serving head, a carrier for the serving material rotatable with the head in such manner that the serving material is served on the core, heating meansyand ineans for subjecting the'oore passing-it through 48. In an apparatus for applying a strand serving to-a core, a rotatab e serving head, eLca-rmer for the serving material rotatable with the head in such manner that the serving material is served on the core, a heating chamber, and means for drawing the core through the head. 7 49. In an apparatus for e plying a strand ser to a core, a rotatab e a carrier for the serving material rotatable in the'loadingg' ineterial to the conductor with the head in such manner that the servheated chamber and rotatable servlng head,

ch consists in heating a V r 1,537,075

ing material is served on the e0re,meai1s for means for causing relative movement beexpanding the core, and means for sub eet: tween the core and the supply of serving 10 ing the core to said expanding means and to material to apply the serving material to v the rotatable serving head 7 the core. ,7 5 50. In a mechanism for serving a strand In witness whereof. Lhereuuto subscribe on 'a core, a supply of serving material, exmy name this 19th day of Feb. A. D., 1923. panding means for the core, means for subeeting the core to the expanding means, and ADOLPH FRANCIS BAND'UR. 

